The reported incidence of nephrotoxicity varies substantially between However, it is important to keep the true picture in mind when evaluating One compartment model is widely used, and does, in fact, accurately predict It cannot be used clinically because of its complexity. The amount releasedįrom tissue is very small, but does accumulate over time, contributing to AG toxicity.Īlthough this model accurately represents the time course of AG serum levels, The gamma phase begins approximately sixteen hours post infusion,ĭrug that was tissue bound to various organs is released. ![]() When infused over one hour, the distribution phase is usually Pharmacokinetic model alpha (distribution), ß (elimination), and gamma When given by IV infusion over 30 minutes, aminoglycosides follow a 3-compartment Universally resistant because aminoglycoside transport into cells is ![]() With penicillins they are often effective in enterococcal endocarditisĭue to synergistic antimicrobial mechanisms. Most strains of enterococcusĪre resistant to aminoglycosides alone, however when used in combination Than 2 mcg/ml for gentamicin and tobramycin and 8 mcg/ml for amikacin.Īminoglycosides are active against most strains of StaphylococcusĪureus and S. The MIC's of gram negative bacteria are usually less Klebsiella, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomanas, Salmonella, SerratiaĪnd Shigella. Levels and sustained elevated peak levels.Īminoglycosides have bactericidal activity against most gram-negativeīacteria including Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, E. Ototoxicity, both of which are associated with elevated trough ![]() A disadvantage of theĪminoglycosides is their association with nephrotoxicity and The aminoglycosides are the mainstay in the treatment of serious
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